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IoT / Wildlife Conservation / AIOn Hold

Elephant GPS Tracking Belt

An Arduino-based, low-cost GPS collar system designed to track wild elephants in Sri Lanka to mitigate human-elephant conflict through geofencing and immobility alerts.

ArduinoGPS TrackingGeofencingSMS AlertsLow-Power IoTWeb Dashboard
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Elephant GPS Tracking Belt

Project Manager

Vidula Wickramasinghe

Target Delivery

Casing durability tests.

Location

Udawalawe Region, Sri Lanka

Current Phase

Prototyping / Feasibility

Case Study

The project context, the problem being addressed, the delivery approach, and the intended outcome.

Elephant GPS Tracking Belt is a wildlife-tech concept focused on building an affordable, field-ready tracking collar system for elephants in high-conflict regions. It combines hardware design, geofencing logic, SMS-based alerts, and ranger-friendly monitoring workflows aimed at safer and earlier intervention.

The project was framed around Sri Lanka’s human-elephant conflict challenges and the need for scalable, open-technology alternatives to premium conservation hardware.

Challenge

Commercial wildlife tracking systems are often too costly for broad deployment, leaving authorities with limited real-time movement visibility in areas where elephant movement can threaten lives and livelihoods.

Approach

Conceptualized a low-cost GPS tracking belt with geofencing, immobility alerts, and ranger-friendly monitoring workflows for proactive intervention.

Intended impact

Safer monitoring, faster response, and measurable reduction in conflict incidents in targeted pilot regions.

What it is
A low-cost collar and tracking dashboard system.
Why it matters
It supports proactive, non-lethal wildlife response in conflict-prone areas.
Who it serves
Wildlife authorities and communities living near elephant corridors.

Objectives & success

Primary goal
Deploy affordable, functioning elephant collars in a high-conflict pilot zone.
Supporting goals
Generate SMS-based geofence alerts and validate a low-bandwidth ranger workflow.
Success criteria
Hardware bill of materials below target cost, successful coordinate transmission, and usable alert behavior in field scenarios.

Scope & boundaries

Included
Collar hardware design, dashboard concepts, geofence logic, alert workflows, and deployment framework planning.
Excluded
Physical capture operations and veterinary collaring procedures, which remain the responsibility of authorities.
Delivery boundary
The concept depends on cellular signal availability, field durability, and the ability to work within wildlife approval processes.

Key contributions

  • Designed the project around sub-$130 collar feasibility for larger-scale conservation deployment.
  • Included geofence breach alerts and low-bandwidth ranger workflows rather than dashboard-heavy complexity.
  • Framed the system around practical field durability, power efficiency, and mobile connectivity limitations.
  • Connected technical decisions to non-lethal intervention and earlier rural warning systems.
  • Positioned the project at the intersection of conservation, embedded systems, and public safety.

Skills & learning

  • Geo-data workflow thinking
  • Wildlife-tech problem framing
  • Sensor-to-dashboard architecture
  • Conservation-oriented alert design

Timeline & Milestones

Project roadmap and current standing across the main delivery checkpoints.

complete

Discovery

current

Planning

upcoming

Design

upcoming

Development

upcoming

Testing

upcoming

Launch

upcoming

Maintenance

Plan versus current state

TBD

Next checkpoint

Casing durability tests.

Electronics prototype verified

Timing: Prototype window

Owner: Vidula Wickramasinghe Dependencies: Sensor validation, low-power tuning, and GPS test coverage

In Progress

Rugged casing designed

Timing: Before pilot readiness

Owner: Vidula Wickramasinghe Dependencies: Material testing and collar comfort constraints

Pending

Pilot deployment

Timing: Post-approval

Owner: Vidula Wickramasinghe Dependencies: Government approvals, veterinary support, and funding

On Hold

Project Health

Overall Completion0%

0/3

Milestones

0/3

Deliverables Ready

1

High Risks

1

Open Issues

Project Snapshot

Project owner

Vidula Wickramasinghe

Team / department

Solo

Last updated

20 October 2025, 05:12AM AEDT

Completion markers

50 collars transmitting data.

Key Deliverables

Outputs currently produced or tracked for this project.

Hardware Prototype

Low-cost collar prototype integrating GPS capture, alert logic, and ruggedized enclosure planning.

Not Started
Owner
Vidula Wickramasinghe
Type
Hardware
Secure pilot funding.
Ranger Dashboard

Low-bandwidth software view optimized for location updates and actionable alerts.

Not Started
Owner
Vidula Wickramasinghe
Type
Web
Refine field workflows.
Deployment Framework

Operational structure covering pilot goals, field assumptions, and authority coordination.

Not Started
Owner
Vidula Wickramasinghe
Type
.PDF
Prepare pilot documentation.

Technical & Delivery Strategy

Implementation and rollout notes for the current project approach.

Rugged IoT & Power Efficiency

  • Keep the Arduino core in deep sleep most of the time and wake it only for satellite pings or immobility alerts.
  • Store geofence boundaries locally on the collar so it only transmits SMS alerts when the elephant crosses into sensitive zones.
  • Encapsulate electronics in marine-grade waterproofing and mount them to heavy-duty, chafe-resistant belting.

Securing Institutional Buy-In

  • Use the initial 50-collar pilot to prove the target hardware cost and show measurable conflict-reduction potential.
  • Design the ranger-facing software for low-bandwidth mobile use with actionable alerts rather than overly complex dashboards.
  • Build trust with local farming communities so alerts can trigger coordinated non-lethal response with rangers.

Risks & Blockers

Open issues, risk posture, dependencies, and assumptions for the current project state.

Hardware failure caused by elephant behavior and harsh field conditions.

Likelihood: Medium • Owner: Vidula Wickramasinghe

Mitigation: Use heavy-duty belting, waterproofing, and stronger casing strategies.

High Risk

Documents & Resources

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Project brochure

Interactive project brief

Repository or product link

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Elephant GPS Tracking Belt Case Study